![]() Īnother interesting approach to the EF assessment and visualization of individual factors having impact on the environment in a given area has been developed by Leseurre et al., 2014. This method was used to assess the technological advancement and economic development in China during a period of 1997–2011.ĮF evaluation procedure based on Biological Resource Footprint, Energy Footprint and Build-up land Footprint (compiled from Fu et al., 2015). A scheme showing the EF evaluation procedure developed by Fu et al. This method considers three main factors, namely Biological Resource Footprint, Energy Footprint and Build-up land Footprint. Ī novel approach for calculating the general EF parameter has been proposed by Fu et al., 2015. Khoo, 2015), Water Footprint (Mansardo et al., 2014), Carbon Footprint (Rodriguez-Caballero et al., 2015), Nitrogen Footprint (Singh and Bakshil, 2015), Phosphorus Footprint (Wang et al., 2011). The examples of specific EF are: Chemical Footprint (Sala and Goralczyky, 2013), Material Footprint (Laakso and Lettenmeier, 2015), Energy Footprint (Vujanovic et al., 2014), Land Footprint (Hsien H. Currently, aside from general EF, specific EF for individual factors influencing ecosystems are becoming more popular. In the evaluation of the EF six main ecological land-use categories are considered, i.e., forest land, fishing ground, arable land, built-up land, grazing land and land used for energy production. The lower the EF value is, the more environmentally friendly the industrial processes or population’s consumption in the area will be. Global hectare (gha) per person is the unit of the EF measurement. Moreover, the EF defines the ability of the ecosystem to absorb the post-consumer waste and to compensate for all the resources used for production of goods and services in a particular area. The principles, areas of application, advantages and disadvantages of different semi-quantitative, quantitative and comparative assessment procedures will be discussed.Īt the beginning of the 1990s, Rees and Wackernagel introduced and characterized an accounting tool known as Ecological Footprint (EF) or Ecological Footprint Analysis (EFA), which measures the demand on certain resources (ecosystem services) necessary for a defined level of consumption for an industrial process or for a certain building project. The aim of this article is to critically review different approaches to measuring the environmental impact of chemical processes. ![]() ![]() Different factors characterized by a different level of complexity are currently used in evaluation of environmental impact of chemical processes. The development and application of measurement procedures allows us to compare the greenness of existing solutions with newly developed ones. Control in green chemistry should be understood as a possibility to select the greenest option. It is well known that the processes that cannot be measured cannot be controlled. One of the challenges in green chemistry is the evaluation of the greenness of chemical processes. These solutions are well-defined and have been intentionally put into practice since 1998 and were known even before their introduction. In order to improve atom economy, highly selective catalytic processes should be performed instead of using additional substrates. Other actions include lowering energy consumption through the use of milder reaction conditions, avoiding derivatization and a preference for substrates based on renewable sources. Most efforts in making chemical processes greener emphasize the need for using safer, less toxic, and more benign solvents, or the elimination of solvents, and reduction in the use of reagents and auxiliaries. These actions are developed by chemists representing different areas of chemistry, for example, organic synthesis, chemical engineering, or analytical chemistry. ![]() They provide a framework for actions that can be taken to make chemical products and processes more environmentally benign. The twelve principles of green chemistry are the basis of guidelines addressed to those who want to follow the green chemistry trend. The concept of green chemistry has become a tool for promoting sustainable development in laboratories and industry.
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